Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how the body converts glucose into energy. While its effects on the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and nerves are widely known, the impact of diabetes on vision is sometimes less well understood. Yet, eye health is a critical area to monitor for anyone living with this condition.

How does diabetes affect vision?

Diabetes can lead to several eye complications, some of which can cause vision loss or even blindness if not treated early. The most common complications include:

> Diabetic retinopathy: This is one of the leading causes of vision loss in adults with diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy develops when high blood sugar levels damage the small blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. These damaged vessels can leak blood or other fluids, leading to swelling of the retina and blurred vision. As retinopathy progresses, it can cause more severe vision loss.

>Diabetic Macular Edema (DME): This condition is a complication of diabetic retinopathy. DME occurs when the part of the retina called the macula swells due to fluid buildup. The macula is responsible for central vision, which is necessary for reading, driving, and seeing details. Untreated macular edema can lead to severe vision loss.

> Cataracts: Although cataracts are common with age, people with diabetes are more likely to develop them earlier. A cataract forms when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing blurred vision. Surgery is usually needed to restore vision.

>Glaucoma: Diabetes nearly doubles the risk of developing glaucoma, a condition where pressure in the eye increases, damaging the optic nerve. Glaucoma can lead to peripheral vision loss and, in advanced cases, complete blindness.

Warning Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms of eye complications related to diabetes may include blurred vision, dark spots or floaters in the vision, eye pain or increased pressure in the eye, and sudden vision loss. However, some conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, may not present any symptoms in the early stages. This is why regular eye exams are essential for people with diabetes. Prevention and Management of Eye Complications The best way to prevent eye complications related to diabetes is to properly control your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. Here are some key steps to protect your vision: Regular Blood Glucose Monitoring: Maintaining blood sugar levels within target ranges can significantly reduce the risk of eye complications. Good blood sugar control is crucial for preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy and other eye problems. Regular eye exams: An annual retinal exam is recommended for everyone with diabetes, even if their vision appears normal. Exams can detect early signs of complications, allowing for early treatment and reducing the risk of vision loss.

> Blood pressure and cholesterol management: High blood pressure and cholesterol can worsen eye complications. Medications and lifestyle changes can help keep these levels under control.

> Adopt a healthy lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation are essential for managing diabetes and protecting eye health.

Diabetes and vision are closely linked, and eye complications can have a profound impact on quality of life. However, with proper diabetes management and regular eye care, it is possible to minimize risks and protect your vision. If you have diabetes, take care of your eyes by visiting an ophthalmologist regularly and adopting healthy lifestyle habits. Your vision depends on it.